Izindaba

UMLANDO KANYE NOKUVELA KWE-ANESTHESIA EYIMTHAVA

Ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa ngomthambo kuqale ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa lapho u-Christopher Wren ejova i-opium enjeni esebenzisa i-goose quill kanye nesinye sengulube futhi inja 'iba nesithukuthezi'. Ngawo-1930 i-hexobarbital kanye ne-pentothal yafakwa ekusebenzeni komtholampilo.

Kwakungeminyaka yawo-1960 I-Pharmacokinetic lapho amamodeli kanye nezibalo ze-IV infusions zakhiwa futhi ngawo-1980, kwaqalwa izinhlelo zokufakwa kwe-IV ezilawulwa yikhompyutha. Ngo-1996 uhlelo lokuqala oluhlosiwe olulawulwayo (i-'Diprufusor') lwethulwa.

INCAZELO

A ukumnika okulawulwayo okuhlosiweiwukumnika okulawulwa ngendlela yokuzama ukuzuza ukugcwala kwezidakamizwa okuchazwe umsebenzisi endaweni yomzimba yentshisekelo noma izicubu ezithakaselwayo. Lo mqondo waqala ukuphakanyiswa ngu-Kruger Thiemer ngo-1968.

PHARMACOKINETITS

Ivolumu yokusabalalisa.

Lona umthamo obonakalayo lapho umuthi usatshalaliswa khona. Ibalwa ngefomula: Vd = umthamo/ukugxila komuthi. Inani layo lincike ekutheni ibalwa ngesikhathi esiyiziro - ngemva kwe-bolus (Vc) noma esimweni sokuzinza ngemva kokumnika (Vss).

Ukusula.

Ukucaciswa kumelela umthamo we-plasma (Vp) lapho umuthi ususwa khona ngesikhathi seyunithi ukuze ulandise ngokuqedwa kwawo emzimbeni. Clearance = Ukuqedwa X Vp.

Njengoba imvume ikhuphuka uhhafu wempilo uyancipha, futhi njengoba umthamo wokusabalalisa ukhula kanjalo nengxenye yempilo iyanda. Ukusula kungasetshenziswa futhi ukuchaza ukuthi umuthi uhamba ngokushesha kangakanani phakathi kwezingxenye. Umuthi uqale usatshalaliswa endaweni emaphakathi ngaphambi kokusatshalaliswa ezingxenyeni ezizungezile. Uma umthamo wokuqala wokusabalalisa (Vc) kanye nokugxilisa okufiswayo komphumela wokwelapha (Cp) kwaziwa, kungenzeka ukubala umthamo wokulayisha ukuze kufinyelelwe lokho kugxilisa:

Ilayisha umthamo = Cp x Vc

Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukubala umthamo we-bolus odingekayo ukuze ukhuphule ngokushesha ukugxila ngesikhathi sokumnika okuqhubekayo: I-Bolus dose = (Cnew - Cactual) X Vc. Izinga lokumnika ukuze kugcinwe isimo esiqinile = I-Cp X Clearance.

Imithi yokumnika elula ayifinyeleli esimweni sokugxila ku-plasma kuze kube okungenani iziphindaphinda ezinhlanu zesigamu sempilo yokuqeda. Ukugxila okufunayo kungafinyelelwa ngokushesha okukhulu uma umthamo we-bolus ulandelwa izinga lokumnika.