Izindaba

I-Global Threat of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

I-Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), inhlanganisela ebulalayo ye-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) kanye ne-Pulmonary Embolism (PE), ibulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-840,000 emhlabeni wonke unyaka ngamunye—okulingana nokufa oyedwa njalo ngemizuzwana engama-37. Okumangalisa nakakhulu, i-60% yezenzakalo ze-VTE zenzeka ngesikhathi sokulaliswa esibhedlela, okwenza kube imbangela ehamba phambili yokufa okungahleliwe esibhedlela. E-China, izehlakalo ze-VTE ziyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, zifinyelela ku-14.2 kubantu abayizi-100,000 ngo-2021, ngamacala angaphezu kuka-200,000 aphelele. Kusukela ezigulini esezikhulile zangemva kokuhlinzwa kuya kubahambi bebhizinisi abahamba ngezindiza ezithatha uhambo olude, izingozi zethrombotic zingase zicashe buthule—isikhumbuzo esiqinile semvelo yobuqili ye-VTE kanye nokusabalala okusabalele.

I. Ubani Osengozini? Ukwenza Iphrofayela Amaqembu Asengozini Ephezulu

Izibalo ezilandelayo zidinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe:

1. Ukuhlala "Izisulu Ezingabonakali"
   Ukuhlala isikhathi eside (>4 amahora) kubambezela kakhulu ukugeleza kwegazi. Ngokwesibonelo, umklami ogama lakhe lingu-Zhang wavuvuka kungazelelwe ngemva kokushintsha isikhathi esengeziwe okulandelanayo futhi kwatholakala ukuthi une-DVT—umphumela wakudala we-venous stasis.

2. Amaqembu Engozi Ye-Iatrogenic

   • Iziguli Ezihlinzayo: Iziguli ezishintshwa ngemva kokujoyina zibhekene nengozi engu-40% ye-VTE ngaphandle kwe-prophylactic anticoagulation.
   • Iziguli Zomdlavuza: Ukufa okuhlobene ne-VTE kubala u-9% wabo bonke ababulawa umdlavuza. Isiguli somdlavuza wamaphaphu esibizwa ngo-Li, esingazange sithole i-anticoagulation ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, sanqotshwa i-PE-indaba eyisixwayiso.
   • Abesifazane Abakhulelwe: Ukushintsha kwama-hormone kanye nokucindezelwa kwesibeletho emithanjeni yegazi kwaholela ekutheni owesifazane okhulelwe osibongo uLiu abhekane ne-dyspnea engazelelwe ku-trimester yakhe yesithathu, kamuva kwaqinisekiswa njenge-PE.

3. Iziguli Zezifo Ezingamahlalakhona Ezinezingozi Ezihlanganisiwe
   Ukuphakama kwe-viscosity yegazi kubantu abakhuluphele nabanesifo sikashukela, kuhambisana nokuncipha kokuphuma kwenhliziyo ezigulini ezihluleka yinhliziyo, kudala indawo evundile ye-thrombosis.

Isexwayiso Esibalulekile: Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze uthole ukuvuvukala komlenze ohlangene ngokungazelelwe, ubuhlungu besifuba ngokuqunjelwa, noma i-hemoptysis—lokhu umjaho ophikisana nesikhathi.

II. Uhlelo Lokuvikela Olunezigaba: Ukusuka Ekusekelweni kuya Ekuvinjelweni Okuqondile

1. Ukuvimbela Okuyisisekelo: I-"Three-Word Mantra" Yokuvimbela I-Thrombosis
   • Hambisa: Zibandakanye emizuzwini engama-30 yokuhamba ngokushesha kwansuku zonke noma ukubhukuda. Kubasebenzi basehhovisi, yenza izivivinyo zepompo ye-ankle (imizuzwana engu-10 ye-dorsiflexion + imizuzwana engu-10 ye-plantarflexion, ephindaphindiwe imizuzu engu-5) njalo emahoreni ama-2. Umnyango wabahlengikazi basePeking Union Medical College Hospital uthole lokhu kwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi ezithweni eziphansi ngama-37%.
   • IHydrate: Phuza inkomishi eyodwa yamanzi afudumele lapho uvuka, ngaphambi kokulala, naphakathi nokuvuka ebusuku (inani le-1,500-2,500 mL/ngosuku). Udokotela wezifo zenhliziyo uDkt. Wang uvame ukweluleka iziguli: "Inkomishi eyodwa yamanzi ingase inciphise ingxenye eyodwa kweshumi yengozi yakho ye-thrombosis."
   • Yidla: Yidla i-salmon (ecebile nge-Ω-3 eqeda ukuvuvukala), u-anyanisi (i-quercetin inhibits platelet aggregation), kanye nesikhunta esimnyama (ama-polysaccharides anciphisa i-viscosity yegazi).
2. Ukuvimbela Kwemishini: Ukushayela Ukugeleza Kwegazi Ngamadivayisi Angaphandle
   • I-Graduated Compression Stockings (GCS): Owesifazane okhulelwe osibongo sakhe u-Chen wayegqoka i-GCS kusukela ngeviki lama-20 lokukhulelwa kuze kube ngemva kokubeletha, ukuvimbela ngempumelelo imithambo ye-varicose kanye ne-DVT.
   • I-Intermittent Pneumatic Compression (IPC): Iziguli ze-Orthopedic postoperative ezisebenzisa i-IPC zabona ukunciphisa kwe-40% engozini ye-DVT.
3. Ukuvimbela Pharmacological: Stratified Anticoagulation Management
   Ngokusekelwe ku-Caprini Score:

   I-Risk Tier	Inani labantu elijwayelekile	I-Prevention Protocol
   Phansi (0–2)	Iziguli ezihlinzwayo ezingavaleki kancane	Ukuhlanganisa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi + IPC
   Okulingene (3–4)	Iziguli ezihlinzayo ezinkulu ze-Laparoscopic	I-Enoxaparin 40 mg/ngosuku + IPC
   Phezulu (≥5)	I-Hip replacement/advanced cancer cancer	I-Rivaroxaban 10 mg/ngosuku + IPC (isandiso samasonto ama-4 seziguli ezinomdlavuza)

Isexwayiso Sokuphikisa: Ama-Anticoagulants avinjelwa ekopheni okusebenzayo noma izibalo zeplatelet <50×10⁹/L. Ukuvimbela ngemishini kuphephe kakhulu ezimweni ezinjalo.

III. Abantu Abakhethekile: Amasu Okuvimbela Ahlanganisiwe

1. Iziguli Zomdlavuza
   Hlola ubungozi usebenzisa imodeli ye-Khomana: Isiguli somdlavuza wamaphaphu isibongo sika-Wang esinamaphuzu ≥4 adingekayo nsuku zonke enesisindo esiphansi se-heparin. Inoveli yokuhlola ibhakhodi ye-PEVB (ukuzwela okungu-96.8%) inika amandla ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi kweziguli ezisengozini enkulu.

2. Abesifazane Abakhulelwe
   I-Warfarin i-contraindicated (ingozi ye-teratogenic)! Shintshela ku-enoxaparin, njengoba kuboniswe ngowesifazane okhulelwe osibongo sakhe uLiu obelethe ngokuphepha ngemva kwe-anticoagulation kuze kube amasonto angu-6 ngemva kokubeletha. Ukubeletha ngokuhlinzwa noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile/ubudala obuthuthukile bokubeletha bugunyaza ukunqanda ukuqunjelwa ngokushesha.

3. Iziguli Zamathambo
   I-Anticoagulation kufanele iqhubeke ≥izinsuku eziyi-14 zokushintshwa kwenyonga kanye nezinsuku ezingama-35 zokuphuka kwenyonga. Isiguli esinesibongo esingu-Zhang senza i-PE ngemva kokuyekiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi—isifundo sokubambelela.

IV. 2025 China Umhlahlandlela Updates: Breakthrough Advances

1. Rapid Screening Technology
   I-Fast-DetectGPT yase-Westlake University ifinyelela ukunemba okungu-90% ekuhlonzeni umbhalo okhiqizwe yi-AI, isebenzisa izikhathi ezingu-340 ngokushesha—isiza amajenali ekuhlungeni ukuthunyelwa kwe-AI kwekhwalithi ephansi.

2. Amaphrothokholi Okwelapha Athuthukisiwe

   • Ukwethulwa kwe-"catastrophic PTE" (systolic BP <90 mmHg + SpO₂ <90%), okucupha ukungenelela kwethimba le-PERT lemikhakha eminingi.
   • Umthamo we-apixaban owehlisiwe unconyelwe ukukhubazeka kwezinso (eGFR 15–29 mL/min).

V. Isenzo Esihlanganyelwe: Ukuqeda I-Thrombosis Ngokuhlanganyela Okubanzi

1. Izikhungo Zokunakekelwa Kwezempilo
   Gcwalisa amaphuzu we-Caprini phakathi namahora angu-24 okungeniswa kuzo zonke iziguli ezilalisiwe. Isibhedlela i-Peking Union Medical College sinciphise izehlakalo ze-VTE ngo-52% ngemva kokusebenzisa le nqubo.

2. Public Self-Management
   Ukunciphisa isisindo ngo-5% kubantu abane-BMI>30 kwehlisa ingozi ye-thrombosis ngo-20%! Ukuyeka ukubhema kanye nokulawulwa kwe-glycemic (HbA1c <7%) kubalulekile.

3. Ukufinyeleleka Kwezobuchwepheshe
   Skena amakhodi okokufundisa kokusebenza kwepompo yeqakala. Amasevisi okuqashwa kwedivayisi ye-IPC manje amboza amadolobha angu-200.

Umlayezo Obalulekile: I-VTE "umbulali othule" ongagwemeka, nolawulekayo. Qala ngomsebenzi wakho olandelayo wokupompa iqakala. Qala ngengilazi yakho yamanzi elandelayo. Gcina igazi ligeleza ngokukhululeka

Izithenjwa

1. Uhulumeni kaMasipala waseYantai. (2024).Imfundo Yezempilo Nge-Venous Thromboembolism.
2. Imihlahlandlela YaseShayina Yokuvimbela Nokwelashwa Kwesifo Se-thrombotic. (2025).
3. I-Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Physics and Chemistry. (2025).Intuthuko Entsha ku-VTE Risk Prediction for Cancer Patients.
4. Imfundo Yezempilo Yomphakathi. (2024).Ukuvimbela Okuyisisekelo Kwabantu Abasengozini Ephezulu ye-VTE.
5. Inyuvesi yaseWestlake. (2025).I-Fast-DetectGPT Technical Report.