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Amaphampu okufaka umuthi asetshenziswa ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo ukunikeza iziguli uketshezi. Asiza ekulawuleni ngokunembile ukulethwa kwemithi, izakhamzimba, kanye nezixazululo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni, azilethe ngomthamo oqondile kanye nesivinini ngesikhathi esithile. Amaphampu okufaka umuthi ngokuvamile anikezwa ngemithambo yegazi, kodwa angaphinde anikezwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma ngemithambo yegazi kanye nomgogodla. Amaphampu okufaka umuthi ayahlukahluka ngobunzima kanye nezici, kusukela kumadivayisi alula anamandla adonsela phansi kuya kumaphampu kagesi ayinkimbinkimbi angakwazi ukuhleleka ngezinqubo zokujova eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezishintshayo zemboni yezempilo kuqhuba ukukhula kwemakethe. Amaphampu okufaka umuthi adlala indima ebalulekile ezibhedlela, emitholampilo, nasezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo. Asiza odokotela ukunikeza iziguli imithamo eqondile yemithi. Aqinisekisa ukuphathwa kwemithi ngendlela efanele ngemithambo yegazi ezigulini ezisezindlini zokunakekelwa okujulile. Ezigulini ezingakwazi ukuthatha ukudla ngomlomo, amaphampu okufaka umuthi angaphinde alethe ukudla okunempilo ngqo egazini, ngaleyo ndlela azisize. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, amaphampu okufaka umuthi asetshenziselwa ukugcina amazinga oketshezi emizimbeni yeziguli. Ekwelashweni komdlavuza, amaphampu okufaka umuthi avumela ukulethwa okunembile kwemithi ye-chemotherapy, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe imiphumela yokwelashwa. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi intuthuko ekunembileni kokulethwa kwezidakamizwa kanye nezinye izici zokuphepha, ivule indlela yokukhula emakethe yephampu yokufakwa. Inani elikhulayo leziguli ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona kanye nenani labantu asebekhulile liye labangela ukwanda kwesidingo samaphampu okufakwa ukuze belaphe izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwanda kwezikhungo zezempilo kanye nentuthuko esheshayo yokunakekelwa kwempilo ekhaya nakho kukhuthaze ukukhula kwemakethe, okwandisa isidingo samaphampu okufakwa aphathekayo futhi alula ukuwasebenzisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphampu okufakwa adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni kobuhlungu kanye ne-anesthesia yokwelashwa okuhlukahlukene, okwenza kube yinto engabalulekanga ezibhedlela kuphela kodwa nasezindaweni zokulaliswa esibhedlela. Imizamo kahulumeni ekhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali engqalasizinda yezempilo iye yakhuthaza kakhulu lo mkhuba.
Amaphutha emithi abangela u-19.4% wazo zonke izehlakalo ezimbi, okwenza kube ngenye yezimbangela eziphambili zokulimala. Ukuphathwa nge-intravenous kunegalelo elikhulu emaphutheni emithi. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi yize amaphampu okufaka i-infusion ekuqaleni ayeklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukunemba nokuqhubeka kokufakwa kwe-intravenous ngokuvumela abahlengikazi ukuthi babeke amazinga okufakwa kwe-infusion ngehora kanye nomthamo, asabangela u-35% kuya ku-60% wezehlakalo ezimbi ezicishe zibe ngu-770,000 ezihlobene nemithi minyaka yonke. Amaphampu okufaka i-infusion ahlakaniphile ahlanganisiwe angakha futhi uhlelo lokuphepha kwemithi oluhlanganisiwe, oluhlanganisiwe ngokugcwele ngokusebenzisa uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lwangaphambi kokuhlelwa kanye nokuqoshwa. Kodwa-ke, izibhedlela eziningi azinazo izinhlelo zolwazi lwesibhedlela ezihambisanayo noma amadivayisi okufaka i-infusion ahlakaniphile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kokuxhumana okungenantambo kanye nesabelomali esanele sesibhedlela, okuletha inselelo enkulu ekukhuleni kwemakethe yephampu yokufaka i-infusion.
Enye yezinselelo ezibalulekile ezibhekene nemboni yephampu yokungenisa yizindleko eziphezulu zemishini nokugcinwa kwayo. Intengo ephezulu yamaphampu okungenisa amanzi anamuhla, ikakhulukazi ahlakaniphile, ingase ingabi nkulu ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezincane noma ezintula ngokwezimali. Izinkinga zokukhokha zingenye isithiyo sokwamukelwa kabanzi; akuzona zonke izinhlelo zomshuwalense ezibuyisela ngokugcwele izindleko zamaphampu okungenisa amanzi, okwenza kube nzima ukwabelana ngomthwalo phakathi kwabathengi nezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo. Lokhu kungavimbela ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwamaphampu okungenisa amanzi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezinesabelomali noma izinsiza ezilinganiselwe, futhi kungathinta ukukhula kwesikhathi esizayo kwemakethe yamaphampu okungenisa amanzi.
Izidingo ezinjalo zomthetho zamaphampu okufaka i-infusion zingaholela ekubambezelekeni kwenqubo yokugunyazwa kwemikhiqizo emisha. Abakhiqizi bangase bazithole besezinqubweni ezinde neziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze bathole izitifiketi ezidingekayo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zezinhlangano ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-FDA ne-EMA. Lezi zinqubo zokugunyazwa ezinde zingaphazamisa nokutshalwa kwezimali ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo omusha, njengoba ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kubambezeleka futhi izindleko ze-R&D zanda. Njengoba izidingo zomthetho zishintsha, abakhiqizi baphoqeleka ukuthi balungise ngokushesha amasu abo, benezela ubunzima nokungaqiniseki ekusebenzeni kwabo. Lezi zinselele zinganciphisa kakhulu ukungena emakethe entsha futhi zinciphise ijubane lokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Ngokusho komshwalense wokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside uGenworth, izindleko zokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside zenyuka kakhulu ngo-2021, kanti izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwasekhaya zibhekene nokwanda okukhulu kakhulu. Izinguquko zabantu kanye nokwanda kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona kuzoqhubeka nokukhulisa lezi zindleko emashumini eminyaka ezayo. Isidingo esikhulayo sokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuthaze ukwanda kwesidingo samaphampu okufakwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphampu okufakwa aphathekayo asetshenziswa kakhulu yiziguli ukunciphisa ubude bokuhlala esibhedlela ngenxa yezindleko zawo eziphansi kanye nokulula kokusetshenziswa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamaphampu okufakwa.
Iminotho esafufusa njengeShayina, iNdiya, neBrazil inikeza amathuba okukhula abalulekile kubahlanganyeli bemakethe yephampu yokufakwa. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yokwanda kokuqwashisa kweziguli ngezinketho zokwelapha kanye nezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezithuthukisiwe kula mazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuphuka kwemali engenayo ngomuntu ngamunye kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali yokunakekelwa kwempilo emazweni asathuthuka esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific kanye naseLatin America kuye kwandisa ukufinyelela kweziguli ezinsizakalweni zezokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe. Lezi zici zidala amathuba okukhula abalulekile kubahlanganyeli bemakethe yephampu yokufakwa.
I-United States ibusa imakethe yephampu yokufakwa kwe-infusion. Isidingo semakethe eNyakatho Melika siyakhula ngenxa yokwanda kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona kanye nokusabalala kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona okunamandla kwabakhiqizi abakhulu esifundeni, ukuvunyelwa kwezinhloso eziningi kwamapeni okujova emazweni amaningi, kanye nezinhlelo zikahulumeni zokwandisa ulwazi lomphakathi ngamaphampu okufakwa kwe-infusion kanye nezesekeli ezihlobene kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo kulindeleke ukuthi kube negalelo elikhulu ekukhuleni kwemakethe yephampu yokufakwa kwe-infusion e-US.
Isidingo esikhulayo sokwelashwa kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona e-United States, kanye nenani labantu elikhula ngokwandayo, sikhulise kakhulu imakethe yephampu yokufakwa kwemithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhono okulethwa kwemithi aqondile amaphampu okufakwa kwemithi kanye nokukhetha kweziguli ukunakekelwa kwempilo ekhaya ezinye izinto eziqhuba ukukhula kwemakethe. Amaphampu okufakwa kwemithi awagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokunakekelwa kwempilo kodwa futhi athuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kokwelashwa ngokuhlanganiswa. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo emiphumeleni yeziguli kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezempilo iyonke kuye kwakhuthaza ukukhula kwemakethe yephampu yokufakwa kwemithi e-United States.
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yephampu yokungenisa ikhula ngokushesha, izinza ngokuqinile ezifundeni ezisathuthuka njengeNyakatho Melika neYurophu. Izinto ezibalulekile ezibangela lokhu kukhula zihlanganisa ukwanda kwesidingo sezinhlelo zokulethwa kwezidakamizwa ezisebenzayo kanye nengqalasizinda yezempilo ethuthukayo. Izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezithuthukisiwe, ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D kanye nokusekelwa kwemithetho, kanye nokwanda kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona kuyakhuthaza lokhu kukhula. Ngakho-ke, iNyakatho Melika isalokhu iyimakethe ephakathi. Okwamanje, isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific naso sibhekene nokukhula okusheshayo, okuqhutshwa kakhulu ngabantu asebekhulile, ukwanda kwesabelomali sezempilo, kanye nokwanda kokuqwashisa ngobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha obuthuthukisiwe. Ubambiswano oluhlelekile kanye namanethiwekhi okusabalalisa kuqinisa lokhu kuba khona kwendawo, kusiza abakhiqizi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe ezahlukahlukene futhi bazulazule ezindaweni zomthetho zesifunda, ngaleyo ndlela baqinise ubuholi babo bomhlaba wonke.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni kwemithi, lapho kudingeka khona ukulawulwa kwemithamo eqondile. Ngakho-ke, imakethe yephampu yokufakwa kwemithi kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhula. Naphezu kwezinselelo ezinkulu eziqhubekayo ezifundeni zase-Asia-Pacific naseLatin America, okuhlanganisa amaphutha emithi, izindleko eziphakeme, kanye nezidingo zomthetho eziyinkimbinkimbi, imakethe isanikeza amathuba okukhula abalulekile kubakhiqizi. Lokhu kuqhutshwa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yezempilo kanye nokugxila okwandayo kubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha. E-United States, isidingo sokuphathwa kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo ekhaya siyakhula; abakhiqizi bemishini yezokwelapha abahamba phambili balwela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinsizakalo zezempilo kanye nenhlalakahle yesiguli iyonke. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezempilo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zochwepheshe bezempilo kanye neziguli emhlabeni jikelele.
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